Mostar is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the banks of the Neretva River and is the cultural and economic center of Herzegovina, as well as the largest city in Herzegovina.[2] Mostar is the administrative seat of Herzegovina-Neretva County[3] and the university, cultural, economic and political center of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mostar is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the banks of the Neretva River and is the cultural and economic center of Herzegovina, as well as the largest city in Herzegovina.[2] Mostar is the administrative seat of Herzegovina-Neretva County [3] and the university, cultural, economic and political center of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Position
Mostar is located in the south of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the central part of Herzegovina. The city area of Mostar can be geographically described as the hub of northern, western and eastern Herzegovina. The Neretva Canyon stretches through the center of the city, which is why Mostar is known as "the city on the Neretva River". The Mostar Lake reservoir was created by the construction of the dam for HPP Mostar on the river.
Geographical location
It is located 132 km southwest of Sarajevo and 57 km northeast of Ploče. It was created in the transitional area from the low Herzegovinian karst to the mountainous area, where the old trade route from the hinterland crossed the Neretva and continued towards the sea. Mostar is an important traffic hub. It is located on the railway line Ploče (Croatia) - Sarajevo, and it also has an airport. The unique architectural-urban complex consists of part of the former bazaar with shops, artisan workshops, etc., and the approach to the approximately 20 m high stone bridge from 1566 (Old Bridge), which is under UNESCO protection.
Mostar extends into three basins. In the north is Bijelo polje, where most of the northern suburbs are located. In the center is the Mostar basin, where the city of Mostar and most of the western suburbs are located, and in the south is Mostarsko polje (Bišće polje), where most of the southern suburbs and Mostar's industrial zone are located. Bišće polje is the local name for the aforementioned basin, while the name Mostarsko polje is used on different maps.
The most famous hills around the Mostar basin are: Hum, Brkanovo brdo, Galac, Orlovac, Mikuljača, Žovnica, Planinica and Fortica, and the town itself is located at an altitude of 60-80 meters.[2] Two mountains located near Mostar are Velež and Prenj. Neretva and Radobolja flow through Mostar, and in the immediate vicinity of the city there are: Drežanka, Buna, Bunica and Jasenica.
Climate
The view from the Žovnica hill on the western city suburbs and the city of Mostar, dominated by the mountain Velež.
Mostar has a moderate Mediterranean climate with mild but cold winters (with little or no snow), and in hot summers temperatures in the shade can reach up to 45°C. Mostar was the warmest city in the former Yugoslavia, and today in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is, along with Athens, the city with the most sunny days a year. Snow in Mostar is rare. The winters in which the snow stayed in Mostar for more than 15 days were: 1955/56. (15 days), 1962/63. (23 days), 1984/85. (27 days), 2004/05. (15 days) and 2011/12. (26 days).
One of the snowiest winters was in 1971, when 37 cm of snow was measured. There were snowy winters in 1929, 1940 and 1956. Mostar was completely blocked on February 4, 2012. The snowstorm, which lasted more than 60 hours, caused a traffic collapse and paralyzed life in the city. A state of natural disaster has been declared. On February 5, 2012, 88 cm of snow was measured.
The highest measured temperature, the highest average amount of precipitation and the highest number of hours of sunshine measured in Bosnia and Herzegovina were in Mostar. On July 31, 1901, 46.2 °C was measured. In Mostar, the average annual rainfall is 1,515 l/km², while the number of sunny hours in a year is 2,291. On January 24, 1963, the absolute minimum temperature was -10.9 °C, and on July 13, 1984, the absolute maximum air temperature of 41.2 °C was registered. The mean annual temperature is 14.6 °C, the winter 5.8 °C, and the mean summer temperature 23.2 °C.
On August 6, 2008, the temperature at 1 pm in the center of Mostar reached 39 °C, and even 56.4 °C was measured in the sun.[7] At exactly midnight, on the night of Thursday, July 16 to Friday, July 17, 2009, an air temperature of 29.3 °C was recorded in Mostar, which is the highest night temperature recorded since 1893, when meteorological measurements were officially conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mostar was among the warmest cities in Europe in September 2011, which was declared the warmest September in the last 65 years. On September 15, 1987, 40.6 °C was measured in Mostar.[9] On December 14, 2011, Mostar dawned covered in fog, which is quite unusual for this city.[10] The average annual temperature in Mostar in 2011 was 16.2 °C, the same as in 1994, and the warmer of these two years was only 1950, when it was 16.9 °C.[11] With an air temperature of 40.3 °C on July 8, 2012, Mostar had the highest temperature measured in Europe.[
124 l/m² of rain fell in Mostar since Cyclone Juliana on February 12, 2013, which is the highest measured amount of precipitation, not only in the Balkans, but also in Europe. On the same day, Mostar received the second highest amount of precipitation in the world.[13] In the first three months of 2013, 999.7 l/m² fell in Mostar. This quarter is also the wettest in Mostar since 1955, and the previous wettest period was in 1970, when a total of 878 mm fell, or 122 l/m² less. Also, the newly set record amount of precipitation for the month of March is 415.7 liters, which was just measured in March 2013.
The climate in Mostar has changed noticeably in the last ten years. The previously extremely dry climate is today more and more humid, which makes the summer heat unbearable and often ripe for the declaration of a natural disaster. Mostar has a pleasant climate suitable for growing different types of fruits and vegetables. Autumn and winter in Mostar can be extremely rainy.
